Every intervention Outliyr has scored for brain protection, ranked by its BioHarmony score for this use case rather than its overall rating. The number beside each name is how well that one thing works for brain protection; the tier beside it is what it is worth once safety, cost and effort are counted across everything else.
69 of 122 evaluated interventions score 3.0+ out of 10 for brain protection · 17 comparisons
In Devinsky 2017, a double-blind RCT of 120 children with Dravet syndrome, purified CBD at 20 mg/kg/day cut monthly convulsive seizures by 39% versus 13% on placebo, and 43% of CBD patients…
Vasireddi 2025 anchors the most relevant signal. BPC-157 fits neuroprotection when the target is tissue repair, vascular recruitment, or inflammation control, but the case still rests mostly on preclinical models. The score…
The TBI case is promising but not first-line or guideline-grade. May 2013 found broad positive reports in TBI studies while explicitly noting lack of placebo-controlled trials and nonstandard methods. This supports experimental…
Wu 2010 reports Corrected v0.x identifier; CNS mechanism review covering osmoregulation, calcium homeostasis, and neuroprotection. Jia 2008 points in the same direction, but route, dose, baseline status, and outcome tracking decide whether…
Laukkanen 2017 reported that 4 to 7 weekly sauna sessions were associated with a dementia hazard ratio of 0.34 and an Alzheimer disease hazard ratio of 0.35 versus 1 session per week,…
The score is preserved, but the claim is tempered: Tucker 2024 reported intranasal GHK-Cu benefits in a 5xFAD mouse model, and Zhang 2018 supports neuroprotection in rats. Human cognitive or neurodegeneration trials…
Whole-Body Vibration may influence neural health through anti-inflammatory pathways, but meta-analysis of preclinical and clinical studies shows mixed results and endpoint-dependent effects Wang 2024. Small trials suggest improved balance and motor stability,…
Hamblin 2018 reviews transcranial photobiomodulation for TBI and stroke, while human evidence remains early. The mechanism is plausible: near-infrared light may affect mitochondrial function, inflammation, and blood flow in reachable brain tissue.…
Vabishchevich 2026 makes the claim plausible but incomplete. The existing rationale points to this narrower claim: Higher fitness is associated with lower dementia and vascular-risk burden in observational literature. The strongest source…
Soh 2024 anchors the most relevant signal. Glycine fits neuroprotection because glycine participates in sleep signaling, glutathione, collagen, methylation, and nervous-system balance, depending on the endpoint. The score stays bounded because many…
Tamura 2023 reports 73 randomized; primary neurological outcome not significant, but 90-day survival was 85% vs 61%. Tamura 2024 points in the same direction, but route, dose, baseline status, and outcome tracking…
Kihara 2002 supports direction more than certainty. The existing rationale points to this narrower claim: Neuroprotection is supported by vascular, inflammatory, and heat-shock mechanisms plus cohort associations. this verified source is supportive,…
Willis 2025 anchors the most relevant signal. Lion's Mane fits neuroprotection when the goal is gentle mushroom-based support for cognition, mood, nerve biology, or gut-immune signaling over weeks. The score stays bounded…
Semax has the strongest classification as a neuroprotective peptide: Gusev et al. 2018 reported BDNF and rehabilitation signals after ischemic stroke, supported by preclinical ischemia transcriptomics in Filippenkov et al. 2020. That…
Harrison 2009 anchors the most relevant signal. Rapamycin fits neuroprotection when mTORC1 modulation, autophagy, immune aging, or senescence biology is the actual target. The score stays bounded because human longevity endpoints remain…
The existing rationale points to this narrower claim: Neuroprotection remains mechanism-heavy and clinically uncertain. The LMTX Alzheimer's Phase 3 trial in this verified source did not deliver a clean consumer-ready. That does…
Shishtar 2020 found participants with the highest flavonoid intake had substantially lower Alzheimer and related dementia risk, with anthocyanins showing a hazard ratio of 0.24 in the top intake group, and large…
Liu 2024 reports 11 RCTs; 346 healthy participants; significant improvements reported across fatigue, cognition, and exercise-efficiency endpoints overall; endpoint details are limited. Maleki-Hajiagha 2024 points in the same direction, but route, dose,…
Wu 2025 anchors the most relevant signal. Thymosin Alpha-1 fits neuroprotection when immune modulation is medically relevant and monitored rather than casually guessed. The score stays bounded because the best evidence is…
The evidence points to a plausible use case without proving a universal response. Di Marco et al. 2019 is the best anchor here because it reports retinal neuroprotection review tying animal, mechanistic,…
The signal is consistent across observational and small interventional work. Cheah 2016 found elderly adults with mild cognitive impairment had significantly lower plasma ergothioneine than controls, and Hatano 2016 reported lower serum…
Senescent glial-cell clearance remains a research target; Chaib 2022 frames neurodegeneration as promising but clinically early. The score stays bounded because Senolytics evidence for neuroprotection can depend on age, disease context, drug…
GLP-1 receptor biology is active in brain research, but this report has no decisive Semaglutide neurodegeneration outcome trial. Yao 2024 supports strong metabolic effects across GLP-1 receptor agonists, which can indirectly protect…
Animal stroke and traumatic brain injury models support a neurorestorative signal, including Morris 2010 and Xiong 2012. The score remains moderate because these are preclinical models and do not establish human TBI…
High-Dose Melatonin has plausible neuroprotection value through oxidative-stress and mitochondrial mechanisms, with neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy pilot data giving one human foothold. The perinatal asphyxia pilot added 10 mg/kg/day to hypothermia in 30…
Khosravi 2024 reports Personally verified; 2024 cerebral gas embolism and multifocal ischemic stroke case during oxygen-ozone therapy. The score stays conditional because Ozone Therapy still needs better outcome data for this exact…
Demidenko 2021 anchors the strongest signal. The existing rationale points to this narrower claim: this verified source showed AKG and Ca-AKG rescued synaptic plasticity deficits in APP/PS1 mice. This is not human…
Disorders-of-consciousness and stroke-recovery work is early; Zhang 2026 reported CRS-R improvement in low-certainty evidence dominated by uncontrolled studies. The score stays bounded because Vagus Nerve Stimulation evidence for neuroprotection can depend on…
Leung GKW et al. 2025 is the best anchor here because it reports 33 randomized trials and 2821 individuals and ketogenic/low-carbohydrate diets reduced body weight, BMI, and body-fat percentage, with stronger subgroup…
The evidence points to a plausible use case without proving a universal response. Ehlers JP et al. 2024 is the best anchor here because it reports 176 participants randomized and missed primary…
Stanley et al. 2014 gives the strongest anchor. GH/IGF-1 signaling supports neuronal survival and synaptic function, and Baker 2012 gives human cognitive signal. Direct neuroprotection outcomes, dementia delay, and structural brain endpoints…
Metformin's activation of AMPK and inhibition of mTOR pathways are biologically plausible mechanisms for neuroprotection, as they can promote cellular stress resistance and reduce protein aggregation. However, human evidence remains limited to…
Parkinson's pilot data and preclinical Alzheimer's mechanisms are interesting but not enough for a strong human neuroprotection claim. Transcranial PEMF should be separated from full-body mats, and cranial use has additional contraindication…
HBOT has plausible neuroplasticity, perfusion, and hypoxia-rescue mechanisms. Efrati 2013 supports chronic post-stroke neurorehab improvements with hard-chamber protocols. Neuroprotection as primary prevention is less established than post-injury rehabilitation. Score modestly above neutral…
ALS evidence moved from promising to mixed. Elia 2016 reported a positive small TUDCA add-on ALS trial, and Paganoni 2020 found a Phase II signal for AMX0035, a sodium phenylbutyrate-taurursodiol combination. The…
The evidence for Tirzepatide's neuroprotection is limited; no human trials have measured a neuroprotective endpoint (see Franco 2025). Tirzepatide is a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist that reduces weight and improves metabolic markers,…
Watanabe 2002 reports Cognitive performance under mental load and sleep deprivation. Dolan 2019 points in the same direction, but route, dose, baseline status, and outcome tracking decide whether Creatine Monohydrate matters for…
Hagiyama 2024 reports 12 RCTs; 622 patients; low-certainty improvement in patient-reported outcomes and very-low-certainty strength signal after lower-limb surgeries. Wittholz 2024 points in the same direction, but route, dose, baseline status, and…
PS supports neuronal membrane signaling and synaptic function, as reviewed by Kim 2014. Clinical dementia-prevention evidence is absent, so this remains mechanistic and adjacent to cognitive-aging data. The score stays bounded because…
The Kumar 2021 pilot reported cognitive gains on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Trail-Making tests in older adults, and glutathione is depleted in several neurodegenerative states. But the cognition data is from…
Neuroprotection is the best-replicated mechanism and the least-demonstrated outcome. In a cell model of Alzheimer's pathology, noopept reduced reactive oxygen species, calcium overload, apoptosis and tau hyperphosphorylation (Ostrovskaya et al. 2014), and…
The existing rationale points to this narrower claim: NADPARK (this verified source) showed promising Parkinson's signals, and this verified source confirmed acute cerebral NAD+ increase in healthy volunteers. That does not make…
Neuroprotection is J-147's founding mechanism and its deepest evidence base, though all of it is preclinical. It was discovered by screening for molecules that block the brain-cell toxicities of aging, and it…
Vagal tone is neuroprotective; improved HRV post-TBI in clinical protocols.
Exercise is broadly neuroprotective, and higher fitness correlates with better brain aging. The exact Norwegian 4x4 evidence remains indirect for neuroprotection endpoints.
Glutathione repletion is plausibly neuroprotective and small Parkinson's and TBI signals exist, but human outcome trials are thin and the evidence stays mechanistic for now.
Autophagy and mitophagy support the neuroprotection thesis, but verified human neurodegeneration outcomes are not available.
Neuroprotection rests on consistent rodent stroke and TBI data, per Morris 2010 and Xiong 2011, but no human trial has tested Tβ4 for stroke, TBI, or any acute neurological injury. The mechanism…
Mechanistic logic is reasonable and early signals existed, but high-dose Parkinson disease trials (such as the QE3 trial) were stopped for futility, so the clinical neuroprotection case has not held up. Mitochondrial…
Neuroprotection is supported more by mechanism and cognition-adjacent outcomes than clinical neuroprotection trials. Zhu 2026 strengthens adult cognitive and physical-function evidence, but there are no dedicated human neuroprotection outcome trials proving disease…
Neuroprotection is the central claim and the indication set with the most human data, so it scores in the moderate-to-high band while staying honest about the split. Manufacturer-funded acute-stroke and brain-injury trials…
Brain glutathione is depleted in Parkinson disease, which inspired multiple trials. The uncontrolled Sechi 1996 IV series reported a 42 percent disability decline, but every controlled study since has been null: Hauser…
HGF / c-Met synaptogenesis is neuroprotective in theory, and APP / PS1 mouse data from Sun 2021 supports a disease-model signal. Cancer-pathway concern and no human data cap confidence.
The brain holds some of the highest vitamin C concentrations in the body and uses it as an antioxidant and as a cofactor for neurotransmitter synthesis, which makes the mechanistic story attractive.…
DHA is structurally important in neuronal membranes, but dementia-prevention trials have not proven a clinically reliable protective effect. Keep this as suggestive, not established.
Plausible mechanism, thin direct evidence. The brain readily uses ketones as fuel, and the ketogenic diet has a real anticonvulsant track record (Neal 2008: 38 percent of children achieved over 50 percent…
Mechanistically plausible via anti-inflammatory and amyloid-related pathways, and a small imaging RCT hinted at reduced brain amyloid signal, but human neuroprotection outcomes are not established.
Mechanistic glutamate modulation is interesting, but human clinical neuroprotection evidence is thin.
NAD+ supports neuronal stress-response biology, but NMN neuroprotection is still largely preclinical. Rajman 2018 is mechanistic context, not human neuroprotection proof.
Animal Alzheimer and Parkinson models show signals, but no confirmatory human neuroprotection data support berberine as a brain-aging intervention. The safety and interaction profile makes speculative long-term neuroprotection a weak reason to…
No direct BFR neuroprotection evidence supports this as a meaningful use case.
Carrasco-Gallardo 2012 supports preclinical neuroprotection and tau-aggregation mechanisms. Human neurodegeneration treatment claims remain unproven.
BDNF and NGF mRNA induction (Salimgareeva 2012) is plausible neuroprotection support, but no neuroprotection RCT or biomarker data exists.
BDNF, monoamine, and stress-model evidence point toward neuroprotective signaling, but no human neuroprotection trial exists. The score stays exploratory.
Preclinical models suggest BDNF, Nrf2, and anti-inflammatory neuroprotection. Olasehinde 2024 reviewed cognitive and neurobehavioral preclinical evidence. No human cognitive or neuroprotective RCT verifies this use.
TRT has mechanistic arguments around androgen signaling, metabolism, and brain aging, but clinical neuroprotection evidence is not established. The null T Trials cognition substudy makes strong brain-protection claims inappropriate.
Neuroprotection is where humanin was born and where the preclinical case is strongest, but it lands at a moderate score because it has never been tested as a neuroprotective therapy in people.…
COX-2 is implicated in neuroinflammation and Alzheimer pathology, but prevention trials did not create a clinically useful neuroprotection case. This remains speculative and off-label.
C60 neuroprotection remains a preclinical idea. Animal Alzheimer's and Parkinson's model papers suggest possible directionality, but human translation is absent and central nervous system penetration appears limited. Baati 2012 cannot support neuroprotection…
Nothing matches those filters.
Monthly out-of-pocket cost at the most accessible legitimate channel, at the dose the score was given for. 20 of 69 are not priced yet; those cells are left blank rather than guessed.
| Intervention | Monthly cost | At dose | How you get it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Full-Spectrum Hemp (CBD) | Not priced yet | ||
| BPC-157 | $40–$80 | 250 to 500 mcg SC 1 to 2x/day near injury site | Grey market |
| Neurofeedback | Not priced yet | ||
| Taurine | $3–$10 | 1-3 g, 30-60 minutes before sleep | Over the counter |
| Traditional Sauna (Finnish Dry-Heat) | $50 | 15 to 20 minutes at 80 to 100 C | Over the counter |
| GHK-Cu | $30–$100 | 0.5-3% topical serum or cream | Over the counter |
| Whole-Body Vibration | $50–$100 | 30 Hz, roughly 0.3g, 10-20 min standing | Over the counter |
| Red Light Therapy | $17–$43 | 10-20 min at 6-12 inches, full chest/face/back rotation | Over the counter |
| Zone 2 Cardio | Not priced yet | Over the counter | |
| Glycine | $2–$3 | 3 g oral glycine | Over the counter |
| Molecular Hydrogen | Not priced yet | ||
| Infrared Sauna | $36–$73 | 55-60 degrees C, 20-30 min | Over the counter |
| Lion’s Mane | $20–$40 | 3 g/day fruiting body extract | Over the counter |
| Semax | $12–$60 | 300-600 mcg/day of 0.1% spray | Grey market |
| Rapamycin | $15–$50 | 3 mg | Prescription |
| Methylene Blue | $13–$40 | 0.5-5 mg oral | Over the counter |
| Polyphenols (Dietary) | Not priced yet | ||
| Astaxanthin | Not priced yet | ||
| Thymosin Alpha-1 | $100–$400 | 1.6 mg subcutaneous | Prescription |
| Saffron | Not priced yet | ||
| Ergothioneine | Not priced yet | ||
| Senolytics | Not priced yet | ||
| Semaglutide | $199–$349 | 0.25 mg weeks 1 to 4, 0.5 mg weeks 5 to 8, 1.0 mg weeks 9 to 12, 1.7 mg weeks 13 to 16, 2.4 mg week 17 onward | Prescription |
| TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4 Fragment) | Not priced yet | ||
| High-Dose Melatonin | Not priced yet | ||
| Ozone Therapy | $520–$2,600 | 20-30 mcg/mL ozone, roughly 1,000-1,500 mcg total per session | In clinic |
| Ca-AKG (Calcium Alpha-Ketoglutarate) | $15–$30 | 1 g/day generic Ca-AKG oral | Over the counter |
| Vagus Nerve Stimulation | $4–$8 | 10-20 min auricular tVNS at comfortable perceptible intensity | Over the counter |
| Ketogenic Diet | $100 | Standard keto, 40-50 g total carbohydrate/day | Over the counter |
| SS-31 (Elamipretide) | $200–$500 | 5-10 mg/day subcutaneous | Grey market |
| Tesamorelin | $250–$500 | 2 mg subcutaneous daily in the evening | Prescription |
| Metformin | $4–$30 | 500 mg with dinner for 1 week, then 500 mg twice daily for 1 week, then increase by 500 mg/week toward 1000 mg twice daily as tolerated | Prescription |
| PEMF (Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy) | $3–$117 | 20-30 min mat session | Over the counter |
| Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy | $3,000–$6,000 | 2.0 ATA for 90 minutes with air breaks | In clinic |
| TUDCA (Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid) | $12–$91 | 500-1,750 mg | Over the counter |
| Tirzepatide | $299–$449 | 2.5 to 5 to 7.5 to 10 to 12.5 to 15 mg | Prescription |
| Creatine Monohydrate | Not priced yet | ||
| Essential Amino Acids | Not priced yet | ||
| Phosphatidylserine | $20–$50 | 300 mg/day total, split as 100 mg three times daily or 300 mg once daily with food | Over the counter |
| GlyNAC (Glycine + N-Acetylcysteine) | $10–$30 | Glycine and NAC at ~100 mg/kg/day each | Over the counter |
| Noopept (Omberacetam) | $5–$27 | 20 mg | Grey market |
| NR (Nicotinamide Riboside) | $40–$50 | 250-300 mg/day oral | Over the counter |
| J-147 | Not priced yet | ||
| HRV Biofeedback | $5 | 20 min/session at individual RF (4.5 to 6.5 bpm) | Over the counter |
| Norwegian 4×4 | Not priced yet | Over the counter | |
| NAC (N-Acetylcysteine) | $5–$15 | 600 to 1,200 mg/day | Over the counter |
| Spermidine | $40–$90 | 1-3 mg/day oral WGE | Over the counter |
| Thymosin Beta-4 (Tβ4) | Not priced yet | ||
| Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 / Ubiquinol) | $15–$40 | 100-200 mg/day | Over the counter |
| Ashwagandha | $15–$30 | 300 mg KSM-66 with breakfast and 300 mg with dinner | Over the counter |
| Cerebrolysin | $500–$900 | About 30 mL per day IV | Grey market |
| Glutathione (GSH) | $20–$45 | 1,000 mg/day | Over the counter |
| Dihexa | $30–$60 | 8-12 mg/day sublingual | Research use only |
| Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) | Not priced yet | ||
| Omega-3 | $20–$40 | 1-2 g/day combined EPA+DHA | Over the counter |
| Exogenous Ketones | $38–$300 | Ester 10 to 25 g BHB | Over the counter |
| Curcumin | $15–$40 | 500 mg curcuminoids | Over the counter |
| L-Theanine | $3–$8 | 200 mg L-theanine + 100 mg caffeine | Over the counter |
| NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) | $40–$100 | 500 mg/day oral | Over the counter |
| Berberine | $15–$25 | 500 mg berberine HCl three times daily with meals | Over the counter |
| Blood-Flow Restriction Training | Not priced yet | ||
| Shilajit | $25–$50 | 500 mg purified shilajit | Over the counter |
| Bromantane (Ladasten) | $12–$30 | 30 mg | Grey market |
| Selank | $30–$60 | 0.15% intranasal spray, roughly 1-3 sprays per nostril per day depending on actuation size | Grey market |
| Apigenin | $15–$35 | 25-50 mg pure apigenin 30-60 min before bed | Over the counter |
| TRT (Testosterone Replacement Therapy) | $50–$300 | Clinician-selected formulation at the lowest dose likely to restore physiologic testosterone | Prescription |
| Humanin | $100–$300 | 1 mg subcutaneous, twice weekly | Research use only |
| Celebrex (Celecoxib) | Not priced yet | ||
| C60 (Buckminsterfullerene) | Not priced yet |
Head-to-head reports and category rankings that name a winner on this use case.
This page ranks by the live endurance-cardio subrating, not by BioHarmony overall, and the order flips. SLU-PP-332 leads at 6.5–7.0/10 despite carrying the lowest overall score on the…
Ranked by the live Focus and cognition subrating, not the overall score. Methylene blue leads at 6.5–7.0/10 despite a lower overall, 6.0–6.5/10. Bromantane climbs from ninth to fourth.…
BPC-157 wins for acute tendon or muscle injuries, gut healing, and cost-sensitive use. TB-500 wins for cardiac tissue repair and systemic post-surgical recovery. BPC-157 scores 7.5–8.0/10 and TB-500…
Semax scores 7.1/10 against noopept's 6.2/10 and wins five of the eight use cases both reports score. Noopept is oral, cheaper at $5 to $27 a month, and…
Cerebrolysin scores 6.0–6.5/10 and P-21 scores 5.0–5.5/10, and the gap is entirely about human data. Cerebrolysin has thousands of trial participants, contested by two independent Cochrane reviews. P-21…
CoQ10 scores 7.0–7.5/10 and methylene blue 6.0–6.5/10, yet methylene blue wins eleven of the seventeen shared use cases. The overall gap is risk, not effect. Methylene blue inhibits…
Neither, yet. Both have zero human trials, zero human pharmacokinetics and research-only access. PE-22-28 scores 4.5–5.0/10 and dihexa 4.0–4.5/10, and the gap is entirely safety: dihexa potentiates the…
Epitalon, if sleep is the question. It scores sleep quality 6.5–7.0/10 against pinealon's 1.5–2.0/10, because it acts on the pineal gland and melatonin output while pinealon is a…
Lion's Mane scores 7.0–7.5/10 and the reishi, cordyceps and chaga blend category scores 5.0–5.5/10. If cognition is the goal, buy the one species: lion's mane takes cognition-focus 7.0/10…
Sulforaphane scores 6.5–7.0/10 and glutathione 6.0–6.5/10, and both have a delivery problem. Sulforaphane needs active myrosinase or you absorb half as much. Plain oral glutathione barely raises blood…
Different liver problems. NAC scores 8.0–8.5/10 and TUDCA 6.5–7.0/10, and NAC wins liver detox 8.0–8.5/10 against 6.5–7.0/10, but its liver evidence is toxin and oxidative damage. TUDCA owns…
Semax scores 7.0–7.5/10 and cerebrolysin 6.0–6.5/10. Semax wins cognition, neuroplasticity and nerve regeneration, costs an estimated $12 to $60 a month, and goes up your nose. Cerebrolysin wins…
Full-Spectrum Hemp (CBD), at 8.0–8.5 out of 10 for brain protection. In Devinsky 2017, a double-blind RCT of 120 children with Dravet syndrome, purified CBD at 20 mg/kg/day cut monthly convulsive seizures by 39% versus 13% on placebo, and 43% of CBD patients had at least a halving of seizures versus 27% on placebo.
Of the top-scoring options, Glycine is the least expensive at about $2 a month, scoring 6.5–7.0 out of 10 for brain protection.
Dihexa scores 4.5–5.0 out of 10 for brain protection but only 4.0–4.5 overall, landing in the caution tier once safety, side effects, cost and effort are counted.
69 of the 122 interventions evaluated for brain protection score 3.0 out of 10 or better, which is the cut-off for appearing on this page.
