Creatine. The dirt-cheap, safe bodybuilding staple recently gaining limelight for its brain-enhancing properties. What does the word creatine bring to mind?
Athletes looking for the best legal performance enhancers.
Chess masters wanting cognition support through long tournaments? A super supplement for the brain, body, and mitochondria?
All of the above are reasons to supplement creatine.
Most of the focus is on athletic performance, but recently the creatine has received limelight for its cognitive-enhancing nootropic effects.
What is Creatine?
Let’s take a step back. Everyone already has creatine in their body. You wouldn’t survive without it.
Put simply, creatine is a molecule produced from the amino acids glycine and arginine. The liver creates creatine, where it is then shuttled (mostly) to the muscles for energy.
Activities requiring short bursts of physical or mental energy draw on creatine stores for ATP — the energy currency of the body.
Your normal body creatine levels depend on meat and fish consumption, exercise, hormones, and muscle mass.
Read on to learn what creatine can do for you cognitively and physically.
Creatine Uses
Boasting an amazing safety profile, few side effects, and a number of impressive benefits, creatine offers promise for people in all walks of life.
Creatine supplementation improves testosterone levels, may improve depression, and promotes healthy blood sugar levels.
It does not stop there.
Turbocharged Athletic Performance
By now most serious athletes know about creatine.
Paired with resistance training, it increases strength, muscle mass, and recovery. It also reduces fatigue.
Even endurance athletes get more out of their sessions through increased muscle mass retention and reduced fatigue. During exercise, their short bursts of power improve. Mountain bikers rising off their seat to conquer an ascent, trail runners firing stabilization muscles to cover uneven landscapes, kayakers paddling at just the right times — creatine helps each of these efforts.
Myostatin is a regulator of muscle mass. High myostatin inhibits muscle growth. Studies show that creatine is a potent tool to reduce myostatin and pack on muscle.
According to a 2007 study (emphasis mine),
“Creatine monohydrate is the most effective ergogenic nutritional supplement currently available to athletes in terms of increasing high-intensity exercise capacity and lean body mass during training.”
Enhanced Cognition & Brain Function
Popular nootropics often work by artificially stimulating chemical messengers in the brain called neurotransmitters. Long-term use can eventually lead to neurotransmitter imbalances.
Creatine works differently. To understand how creatine impacts cognition, let’s go through a hypothetical situation:
Think of a city with an energy shortage. With Google offline, other businesses cannot operate. This is similar to what happens in the brain when energy stores drop too low. Parts of the body get just enough energy to survive, but not necessarily perform at their peak.
When the brain needs energy, it calls for a molecule of ATP. Energy use by neurons strips the ATP of a phosphate molecule, converting it into ADP.
Stable energy is correlated directly with brain performance. Supplemental creatine donates a phosphate molecule so that ADP turns back into the usable (and stable) ATP. In the above example, it is like giving Google power.
Some other cool studies show Creatine can do a lot:
Creatine can reverse “brain fog” associated with circadian rhythm fluctuations and sleep deprivation.
Research suggests that supplementation in older individuals can help slow cognitive decline.
Vegetarians, a group notoriously low in creatine, showed improved processing speed, working memory, and intelligence in multiple studies.
Not bad for a bodybuilding supplement.
Who Should Supplement Creatine?
With such little downside, the benefits of creatine far outweigh the drawbacks.
Most of us get some amount of creatine in our diet from meat and fish.
Therefore creatine supplementation is especially impactful for certain groups lacking it in their diet.
Athletes, vegetarians, vegans and those avoiding meat need supplemental creatine most. Research shows that these groups respond quite favorably to supplementation.
Choosing Your Best Creatine Product
Today you can find countless forms of creatine.
There are two kinds of creatine worth discussing:
- Creatine monohydrate
- Cretine formulas that contain GAA
Almost all research has gone into one old, effective, yet dirt-cheap form.
Creatine monohydrate
This form generally works fine.
Some companies cut corners, add filler, and make inferior products. Check labels for either “Creapure” or “Pharmapure” on the ingredients list to know that you are receiving the real deal — free of contaminants.
Researchers and users alike debate the most effective absorption strategies.
5 grams per day is the recommended dose. Larger doses can cause gastrointestinal discomfort. For optimal absorption, I split this into two doses: 2.5 grams in the morning and 2.5 grams in the evening. Always take with at least 200 milliliters of water.
Creatine absorption does not require carbohydrates (specifically fruit juice) as once believed. The rationale behind mixing creatine into juice was for the insulin spike caused by the juice to drive creatine into muscle cells.
Instead, I time my creatine with a meal high in protein. Like carbohydrates, protein raises insulin but to a lesser extent. Research shows that another alternative would be to combine creatine with another supplement called fenugreek. If nothing else, take it with warm water for a slight absorption boost.
Advanced Creatine + GAA formulas
Over the last few years, researchers have discovered several other forms of creatine that also work well.
Newer yet still effective creatine types include:
- Creatine HCl
- Creatine magnesium-chelate
The brain-enhancing magic comes when you add another ingredient to the formula called glycocyamine (GAA).
This substance converts into creatine once inside cells. The limited research on the benefits compared to monohydrate after four weeks of supplementation is compelling:
- 8.45X greater musculoskeletal creatine [R]
- Increased muscle-building insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) [R]
- 3.9X greater creatine levels in the brain [R]
This is the one I’m looking forward to thoroughly testing. It’s the biohacker’s favorite creatine.
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Creatine Side Effects
Water retention (bloating), is the number one side effect. Slight weight gain is normal. Creatine encourages muscles to store more water. More water means better nutrient delivery. No need to fear though. Water retention, bloating, and weight gain all go away when you stop taking it.
Healthline explains that other rare side effects of creatine use may include:
- Kidney damage
- Liver damage
- Kidney stones
- Weight gain
- Bloating
- Dehydration
- Muscle cramps
- Digestive problems
- Compartment syndrome
- Rhabdomyolysis
Stop taking creatine if side effects do not improve or worsen over time.
F.A.Q
Does creatine cause kidney damage?
Creatine does not cause kidney damage.
It is safe for healthy individuals at the recommended doses. Those with pre-existing conditions should check with their doctor before adding creatine to their supplementing regimen.
If I eat meat or fish should I still supplement creatine?
Possibly. If you follow a diet rich in meat and fish it is less necessary than someone on a vegan or vegetarian diet. Try creatine for a month or two to see how you respond.
Should I tell my doctor that I am on creatine?
Yes. You should tell your doctor everything that you are supplementing. When your body processes creatine it is known to raise a metabolite called creatinine. If your doctor does not know that creatine may be responsible, they may misinterpret certain blood tests and unnecessarily worry.
Creatine: A Super Supplement For The Body & Mind
Once relegated to strength athletes, creatine has moved into the mainstream.
Creatine is an effective supplement for improving athletic performance, brainpower, and overall wellbeing. Share on XAt a low cost, great safety profile, and widespread availability, consider adding creatine to your next supplement order.
What’s stopping you from giving it a shot?
